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radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 1 the uhf radio packet modem (rpm2a) is a low cost in telligent radio packet modem that enables a two way radio network/link to be simply i mplemented between a number of digital devices. the rpm2a uses addressable data packets wi th error checking, packet acknowledgements and retransmissions to achieve a r eliable transparent wireless data link. built for ease of use and rapid installation, the s erial interface ensures direct connection to microprocessors or to rs232 port via rs232 driver w hile remote configuration enables post installation setup of the modem. features addressable point-to-point point-to-multipoint and broadcast modes inverted rs232 interface at 5v or 3vcmos level dte speed 600-115200bps overall throughput: 17kbps with ack 28kbps without ack single 5v or 3v supply 15ma during data streaming at maximum rate flow control ? hardware (cts), none0 available on 433.92mhz or 434.42mhz usable range up to 300m built-in command line configuration built-in rf link diagnostics remote over-air unit configuration low operating current, auto standby mode conforms to european etsi en 300 220-3 and en 301 4 89-3 dimensions: 39mm x 23mm x 10mm applications telemetry and telecontrol epos equipment, barcode scanners, belt clip printer s, stock control, job allocation remote data acquisition system, data loggers in-building, environmental monitoring and control s ystems high-end security and alarm signalling automated monitoring and control systems fleet management, vehicle data acquisition evaluation platforms : rpm/spm eval kit figure 1: rpm2a-433-17 uhf radio packet modem uhf radio packet modem uhf radio packet modem uhf radio packet modem hartcran house, 231 kenton lane, harrow, middlesex, ha3 8rp, england tel: +44 (0) 20 8909 9595, fax: +44 (0) 20 8909 223 3, www.radiometrix.com issue 1, 01 august 2012 rpm2a
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 2 i ntroduction the rpm2a is a self-contained radio packet modem module that requires only a simple antenna, 5v supply and a serial i/o port on a host microcontroller or pc. the module provides all the rf circuits and process or intensive low level packet formatting and packet recovery functions required to inter-connect any nu mber of devices with serial port in a radio network . a continuous stream of serial data downloaded by a host microcontroller into the rpm2a serial receive buffer is transmitted by the rpm2a? s transceiver and will "appear" in the serial buffer of the addressed rpm2a within radio range. host host rpm2a download download upload upload transmit / receive figure 2: point to point wireless link with rpm2a + host microcontroller 1. f unctional d escription the rpm2a is a connection oriented modem module for sending a nd receiving serial data via an rf communications link. the rpm2a handles all necessary protocol related functi ons of validation and retries to ensure error free and uninterrupted data is sent over the communications link. all data transfers between a pair of rpm s are fully acknowledged, thus preventing the loss of data. bit coding and checksums are used on the data packets to ensure the validity of the received data at the rem ote end. d0 host controller radio packet modem (rpm) fast radio packet controller (frpc) bim2a transceiver radio packet modem 8.192mhz 64kbps 9.216mhz figure 3: rpm2a block diagram
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 3 1.1 o perating states the r adio p acket m odem has three normal operating states: ? s hutdown ? s tandby ? c onnected s hutdown the s hutdown state is entered by asserting the wake/dtr input pin high (vcc). it effectively forces the rpm2a into a suspended state. communicat ions cannot be made with the rpm2a in this state. wake/dtr pin should be pulled low by host or connected to 0 v to enable the rpm2a. s tandby immediately after power up and during normal operat ion, the rpm2a will automatically enter standby mode where it is waiting for a connection request f rom a remote rpm2a module. while in this mode a remote connection request can be received which will place the rpm2a into a connected state allowing it to then start receiving data from the remote unit. the connected host device can also send data to the rpm2a via the seri al interface which will force the module to send a connection request to the remote rpm2a module, thus effectively setting up a logical connection between two units and allowing data to be transferr ed. c onnected on receipt of a connection request from a remote un it, the rpm2a immediately enters a connected state. this effectively allows the rpm2a modems to start sending and receiving data. in-coming data is sent to the host via the serial p ort in the same form as it was given to the remote rpm2a module. figure 4: rpm2a transmitting data at 28kbps during zmodem file transfer to a remote rpm2a
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 4 2 the host interface 2.1 s ignals the connection to the rpm2a is a full duplex serial interface supporting baud rates from 600bps to 115200bps. additional control signals are provided to assist in flow control, configuration and power saving in the rpm2a. 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 39 mm 39 mm 36.5mm 33mm top view side views recommended pcb hole size: 0.9 mm 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 19 20 21 22 23 mm 23 mm pin pitch: 2 mm gnd rf gnd vc c rf default rf gnd rxflow/cts rx select rxd tx select txd gnd wake/dtr txd/af setup signal reset d3 rxr d2 rxa rst 5mm 10 mm figure 5: physical dimensions and pinouts pin name pin pin function in/out description rf gnd 1, 3 rf signal ground bnc casing/coax braid connection rf 2 rf signal input or output antenna pin/coax core connection rxselct 4 receiver select input or output internal rf receiver enable to bim2a or rf receiver active indicator tx select 5 transmitter select input or output internal rf transmitter enable to bim2a or rf transmitter active indicator txd/af 7 transmitted data or demodulated signal input or output transmitted packetised data to bim2a analogue demodulated signal from bim2a d3 8 frpc data line nc internal data line between rpm and frpc d2 9 frpc data line nc internal data line between rpm and frpc signal 10 preamble detect output valid preamble indicat or rst 11 frpc reset nc resets frpc which also isolates bi m2a rxa 12 receive acknowledge nc rpm to frpc download re quest acknowledge rxr 13 receive request output valid data packet indi cator reset 14 reset input hardware reset of the rpm2a setup 15 enter setup input enter rpm2a configurator after a reset wake/dtr 16 wake or shutdown input wakes rpm2a when low, shuts down when high txd 17 serial transmitted data input host (dte) to r pm2a serial transmit data rxd 18 serial received data output rpm2a to host (dte) serial received data cts 19 clear to send output hardware flow control of data from host (dte) default 20 force 9600bps input force the rpm2a serial i nterface to 9600bps vcc 21 vcc supply input +5vdc or +3vdc regulated supply gnd 6, 22 ground - supply ground internally connecte d to gnd notes: 1. rxd/txd lines are true data 2. active low setup, default inputs r equire external 10k pull-up to vcc. 3. logic levels are 5v cmos unless 3v variant is u sed. 4. wake pin should be pulled to ground if dte cann ot provide dtr signal 5. txselect, rxselect, signal, rxr, cts can be con nected to leds via 1k series resistors
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 5 2.2 r adio p acket m odem r eset r eset the reset signal is internally pulled up to vcc via a 10k resistor. a reset aborts any transfers in progress and restarts the rpm2a. h ost driven reset minimum low time: 1.0 s, after reset is released (returned high). the hos t should allow a delay 1ms after reset for the rpm2a to initialise itself. 2.3 h ost t o r adio p acket m ode d ata t ransfer data is transferred between the rpm2a and the h ost using an asynchronous serial protocol. the default protocol settings are 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit (8n1). the baud rate setting for the seri al interface is user settable from 600bps to 115200bps. txd data from the connected host (dte) is received by t he rpm2a through txd pin. cts a single handshake line, cts , controls the flow of data into the rpm2a. the ser ial receive buffer of the rpm2a is 96 bytes deep. the cts will be asserted high (vcc) by the rpm2a when the receive buffer hits approximately 66% full. it is advisable to limit the number of characters sent to the rpm2 a after the cts control line is asserted. this will help to reduce the possibility of lost data due to internal buffer overruns in the rpm2a. the rpm2a wi ll clear the cts when the internal serial receive buffer falls below 33% full. rxd upon the rpm2a receiving data from a remote unit, t he received data is sent to the connected host (dte) device through the rxd pin.. 2.4 e ntering r adio p acket m odem c onfigurator configuring the rpm2a is accomplished by using a bu ilt-in command line configurator. the configurator is entered by asserting the s etup input of the rpm2a while resetting the rpm2a. s etup holding s etup low during a reset cycle will force the modem into the configurator. the state of this input is checked while the rpm2a starts up from eit her power on or reset. h ost driven s etup the setup pin may either be driven by the host (rec ommended) to enable host controlled configuration of the rpm2a or pulled up to v cc via a suitable pull-up resistor (10k ). 2.5 f orcing d efault s erial b aud r ate asserting this pin low forces the rpm2a to start-up with a default baud rate of 9600bps, 8 data bits, one stop and no parity. d efault during a r eset the h ost must hold d efault low to force the rpm2a serial interface to default to 9600bps. this is ideal if the serial baud rate has been forgotten or incorrectly set. h ost driven d efault the d efault pin may either be driven by the host (recommended) or pulled up to v cc via a suitable pull-up resistor (10k ). 2.6 f orcing r adio p acket m odem into sleep mode asserting the wake input high forces the modem into a low power sleep mode. this effectively shuts down the rpm2a and prevents it from sending or receiving any data. it is a method for conserving power whe n the modem is not required. wake / d tr during normal operation wake pin can be pulled high to force the rpm2a to shutd own into low power sleep mode. h ost driven wake the wake pin may either be driven by the host (recommended) or pulled low to 0v.
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 6 technical specification general operating voltage 5vdc or 3vdc operating current (@10mw) ackmode on transmitting receiving average 15ma (data streaming) average 15ma (data streaming) ackmode off transmitting receiving average 14ma (data streaming) average 15ma (data streaming) auto-standby 4ma (waiting for connection ) power-down 70 a standard operating frequency 433.92mhz tx spectral bandwidth @ -40dbc 250khz operating temperature -20oc to +70oc configuring options built-in command line configurator interface serial interface inverted rs232 at 5v or 3v cmos le vel serial protocol 8 data/1 stop/no parity serial signals rxd, txd, cts, wake power down control via wake/dtr signal serial handshaking selectable as cts signal or none dte interface speed 600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200/3 8400/57600/115200 bps air interface speed 64kbps overall throughput ? acknowledged 17kbps (max) 3.6kbps (slots) 1.8kbps (slotsw) ? unacknowledged 2 8kbps (max) 3.6kbps (slots) 1.8kbps (slotsw) receiver sensitivity -100dbm for 1ppm ber lo leakage (conducted) -110dbm (max) transmitter output power (typical) +10dbm (rpm2a) +14dbm (rpm2h) +20dbm (rpm2eh) spurious emissions -40dbm max note: 1. rpm2a uses bim2a (64kbps uhf wide band fm) trans ceiver for its rf interface. rpm2h and rpm2eh are high power variant based on the bim2h an d bim2eh transceivers respectively. please refer to bim2a data sheet for further detail s on the rf specification. 2. typical current ratings are given only for the r pm2a based on the bim2a which consumes 14ma on transmit and 11ma on receive whereas high power bim2h and bim2eh consumes 25ma and 40ma on transmit respectively. hence, current consu mption will be slightly higher for the high power modem variants
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 7 3.0 r adio p acket m odem c onfiguration 3.1 e ntering t he c onfigurator the rpm2a is configured by entering the built-in so ftware configurator. current argument can be displa yed by entering parameter / command without argument 3.2 u ser c onfigurable p arameters c onfig display a list of the current rpm2a configuration . this will also set flow control to none to enable simple 3 wire serial communication valid range none d efault set all rpm2a configuration settings to their factory default va lues . valid range none r eset exit the modem and force a software reset. any changed parameters will take effect after the m odem has restarted. when exiting the configurator, the h ost device must ensure the s etup pin is high otherwise the configurator will be re-entered after the reset . valid range none u nit sets the unit number. two rpm2a modules can communicate with each other p rovided they have matching unit numbers and site codes. default 0 valid range 0 to 15 s ite sets the site address the site number is used to distinguish between grou ps of operating modems. the site code is an address extension to the unit number. default 0 valid range 0 to 7 a ddr updates the unit number value. this command is used for changing the unit number i n ram without updating the unit number stored in eeprom. this enables the rpm2a to support point-to-multipoint communications. upon using this command the configurator is exited and the modem operation is resumed. the modem is not reset when the configurator is exi ted. default 0 valid range 0 to 15 b aud sets the host interface baud rate. the changed baud rate will take effect after resett ing the rpm2a. default 9600 valid range 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 384 00, 57600, 115200 t hruput sets the on-air data throughput. three possible settings are provided. max : sets the maximum data throughput of the rpm2a. slots : effectively reduces the on-air throughput. this opens up ?time slots? allowing other rpm2a pairs, operating within close proximity , equal opportunity to transmit data. slotsw : increases the ?time slots? even further to allow more rpm2a pairs to operate. default max valid range max, slots, slotsw
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 8 f low sets the serial flow control between the host and r pm2a. using no flow control enables the rpm2a to be used with a 3 wire serial link (txd, rxd, gnd). care must be taken in order to prevent overf lowing the 96 byte serial receive buffer in the rpm2a. using hardware flow control enables the rpm2a to co ntrol the flow of serial data being received. default none valid range hw, none s erdly sets the serial data receive to packet transmit del ay. when the rpm2a receives the first byte of data from the host, it starts a timer running. either a full buffer of data to send or a timeout o f this timer will allow the packet to be transmitted. fine tuning this delay for the baud rate the rpm2a is operating at can significantly increase throughput while reducing unnecessary transmissions . default 2 (x10ms) valid range 2 to 255 (x10ms) s hdn sets the action of the w ake input. setting shutdown to o n will cause the rpm2a to monitor the wake input. when wake is taken high the rpm2a will be forced into low power sleep mode, thus reducing current consumption. subsequently lowering the wake input will bring the rpm2a out of low power sleep mode. shdn should be set to off or wake pin should be pulled low when the host (dte ) cannot provide dtr control signal to wake rpm2a in a 3-wir e serial interface. default on valid range on, off r etry sets the number of data retry attempts. rf interference can cause a transmitted data packet to be lost or corrupt on reception. if this happens the rpm2a will retransmit any unacknow ledged transfer. the transmission will be retried the specified number of times before the link to the remote unit is considered ?lost? and the data purged. default 5 valid range 1 to 63 s trtmsg enables the startup message. the startup message is enabled by default, thus giv ing an immediate indication of the operation of the rpm2a. the message can be disabled prior to deployment of the rpm2a module. default on valid range on, off a ckmode enables transfer acknowledgements. this function enables packet transfer acknowledgeme nts to be returned for every outgoing packet. packet acknowledgements aid in the deliver y of error free and consistent data transfers between a pair of modems. disabling the acknowledgements results in higher data throughput between modems, but does not protec t against lost data due to rf interference. it should be disabled while using rpm 2a in a broadcast mode. default on valid range on, off r emote enables remote configuration. over-air remote configuration of a rpm2a module is possible once it has been enabled. the remote command is used to send remote configura tion commands. see the following chapter for a overview of remotely configuring a rp m2a module. default on valid range on, off r adar starts the radar test. used as a range or confidence test between rpm2a mo dules within the same site . parameter unit number between 0 and 15.
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 9 to configure the rpm2a the hyperterminal should be set with the following settings. figure 6: serial port settings to use rpm2a configu rator hardware flow control should be disabled. default b aud rate of the rpm2a is 9600bps. however if the de fault baud rate of the rpm2a is changed then the baud rat e of the hyperterminal should be matched or default pin should be pulled low to force the rpm2a baud rate to 9600bps. figure 7: rpm2a configuration using hyperterminal user configurable parameters described in section 3 .2 should be entered in the command prompt > followed by carriage return (cr) key. then setup should be p ulled-up to vcc and rpm2a should be reset to exit the configurator and for the new parameters to be u sed by rpm2a.
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 10 4.0 e xtended r adio p acket m odem f eatures 4.1 t hrough p ut the rpm2a supports three rates, max (17kbps), slots (3.6kbps) and slotsw (1.8bps), of over-air through put. m ax : when set to maximum and streaming data at the rpm 2a, the data is sent as quick as possible. for host baud rates above 9600bps, data is transmit ted continuously with minimal delay between sequential packets. when this occurs, there is effe ctively no airtime for another pair, operating in close proximity, to transmit without causing collis ions. the maximum over-air throughput that can be achieved is 17kbps with ack and 28kbps without ack. . figure 8: rpm2a streaming data with ack at maximum throughput in figure 8, rs232 serial data bytes accumulated in the receive buffer is transmitted as two 10kbps bu rsts by transmitting rpm2a with gaps just enough to receive ack from receiving rpm2a. figure 9: rpm2a streaming data without gap for anotherrpm2a pair for continuous data transmission at baud rates abov e 9600bps (with ack) or 19200bps (without ack), hardware flow control should be used to prevent the host from causing receive buffer overrun errors. r pm2a will signal cts pin to stop/allow the host dependin g on its receiver buffer level.
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 11 s lots : setting the throughput to s lots provides a method of opening about 85ms ?time slot s? for other rpm2a pairs operating in close proximity. the effe ctive streaming on-air throughput between a pair of rpm2a is effectively reduced to approximately 3.6kb ps (with/without ack). figure 10: rpm2a operating in slots throughput mode with ack for each transmission s lotsw : this setting effectively widens the slots to about 185ms, reducing the over-air throughput to approximately 1.8kbps (with/without ack). it all ows more rpm2a pairs to share the same frequency. host should obey cts flow control signal from rpm2a when using slots or slotsw mode. figure 11: rpm2a operating in slotsw throughput mod e overall throughput of the rpm2a is fixed according to thruput mode selected. effective throughput will vary according to the file transfer protocol used. zmode m is the most popular and fastest protocol but it s till adds its own header, crc, link control bits to the data packet being transmitted reducing the actual throug hput.
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 12 4.2 remote configuration remote configuration of a rpm2a module is possible using the r emote command from within the configurator. the remote rpm2a unit should be on or in auto-standby mode. initially the r emote command is used to enable and disable the ability to remotely configure a module, as described in section 3.2: user configurable command . once remote configuration is enabled the r emote command is then used to issue configuration comman ds to a remote rpm2a. the format for the remote comman d then becomes: remote < serial num > < command > < paramter > the < serial number > of the remote rpm2a must be known in order for the remote configuration request to be executed on the appropriate rpm2a mod ule. the < command > to be executed can be any of the following: baud 600,1200,2400,4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,1152 00 unit 0 to 15 site 0 to 7 shdn on/off flow hw/none serdly 2 to 255 retry 1 to 63 strtmsg on/off the < parameter > is optional, and if not specified the setting for that command is returned and displayed. 4.3 p oint - to -m ultipoint the rpm2a can be used for point-to-multipoint communications . one module must be considered to be the master, which is used to address up to 15 remote un its in any one site. during normal operation, the base unit can be set t o address another unit dynamically by entering the configurator and using the a ddr command to change the unit address. upon executio n of this command, provided the parameters are correct, the configurat or is exited immediately. a period (?.?) is sent t o the connected host device to indicate that the change h as been registered and the rpm2a is now ready for communications to the new unit address. a ddr is very similar to the unit command, except that a ddr does not update the stored eeprom unit value. as the eeprom has a limited number of write cycles, using a ddr for addressing multiple units in a point to multipoint network is recommended. also, the a ddr command will exit the configurator immediately, wh ich is required to resume communications very quickly. 4.4 b roadcast m ultidrop the rpm2a has a broadcast mutidrop mode which provi des a mechanism for building a large networks. this mode of operation is determined by the configuratio n command keyword ackmode being set to off . in broadcast mutidrop mode, the rpm2a does not impl ement network layer functionality related to data packet routing, acknowledgement and retries. the co nnected host device should provide network layer functionality. the site code and unit address is still used by the radio modem when working in broadcast multidrop mo de. for a given multipoint network all radio modems wit hin a group must contain the same site code and uni t address.
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 13 4.5 r adar : d iagnostic t est built into the configurator is a diagnostic test su itable for range testing and link confidence testin g. the radar test effectively sends a small request packet to a remote unit then waits for a reply. the remote uni t must not be in the configurator otherwise it will not respon d. upon receipt of a positive response from the remote unit, a success is recorded before the process is repeated. this test will continue indefinitely unt il it is ended by a key press. 4.6 radio packet modem error handling the rpm2a?s radio decoder module is deliberately non bi t error tolerant, i.e. no attempt is made to repair corrupt data bits. all of the redundancy in the cod e is directed towards error checking. for an fm rad io link using short packet lengths, packets are either 100% or so grossly corrupt as to be unrecoverable. by t he same reasoning, the host is not informed or sent co rrupt data since corrupt information is of little v alue. the rpm2a implements packet acknowledges, timeouts and re-transmission to accomplish reliable error handling. ordering information part number european: 433.92mhz supply rf power sma connector sma antenna rpm2a rpm2a-433-17 5v 10mw rpm2a-433-17-3v 3v 10mw rpm2a-433-17-sma 5v 10mw yes rpm2a-433-17-3v-sma 3v 10mw yes rpm2a-433-17-ant 5v 10mw yes yes rpm2a-433-17-3v-ant 3v 10mw yes yes rpm2h rpm2h-433-17 5v 25mw rpm2h-433-17-3v 3v 25mw rpm2h-433-17-sma 5v 25mw yes rpm2h-433-17-3v-sma 3v 25mw yes rpm2h-433-17-ant 5v 25mw yes yes rpm2h-433-17-3v-ant 3v 25mw yes yes rpm2eh rpm2eh-433-17 5v 100mw rpm2eh-433-17-sma 5v 100mw yes rpm2eh-433-17-ant 5v 100mw yes yes notes: 1. standard rpm2a module will be supplied with neit her the connector nor antenna. 2. if an sma (or reverse polarity sma) connector or 1/4 wavelength wire antenna is soldered on the protruding pcb section for sma connector, then the rf pin (2) should be cropped with side cutters for better rf performance. 3. if the rf output is going to be taken from the r f pin (2) to on-board antenna or connector on the host pcb (motherboard) via 50 microstrip, the protruding section of the rpm2a pc b can be cut along the width of the rpm2a to remove the redundan t connector section. 4. rpm2a is supplied with 7mm long pins which need to be trimmed to mount the module as close as possible to the host pcb (motherboard). ideally, th e black coloured plastic spacer on the rpm2a pinheader should be touching (resting on) the host pcb.
radiometrix ltd. uhf fm radio packet modem page 14 appendix a 5v figure 12: example circuit to make radio modem with dce type rs232 interface
radiometrix ltd hartcran house 231 kenton lane harrow, middlesex ha3 8rp england tel: +44 (0) 20 8909 9595 fax: +44 (0) 20 8909 2233 sales@radiometrix.com www.radiometrix.com copyright notice this product data sheet is the original work and co pyrighted property of radiometrix ltd. reproduction in whole or in part must give clear acknowledgement to the copyright owner. limitation of liability the information furnished by radiometrix ltd is bel ieved to be accurate and reliable. radiometrix ltd reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its subassembly products without notice. radiometrix lt d does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit descri bed herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the u se of its products. this data sheet neither states nor implies warranty of any kind, including fitness for any particular application. these radio devices ma y be subject to radio interference and may not function as intended if interference is present. we do not recommend their use for life critical applications. the intrastat commodity code for all our modules i s: 8542 6000 r&tte directive after 7 april 2001 the manufacturer can only place finished product on the market under the provisions of the r&tte directive. equipment within the scope of the r&tte directive may demonstrate compliance to the essential requirements specified in article 3 o f the directive, as appropriate to the particular equipment. further details are available on the office of comm unications (ofcom) web site: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/ information requests ofcom riverside house 2a southwark bridge road london se1 9ha tel: +44 (0)300 123 3333 or 020 7981 3040 fax: +44 (0)20 7981 3333 information.requests@ofcom.org.uk european communications office (eco) peblingehus nansensgade 19 dk 1366 copenhagen tel. +45 33896300 fax +45 33896330 ero@ero.dk www.ero.dk

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